About our Earth

I was told to go to a certain website and to find facts and write down notes about the earth. The information that I had to find out about was Inner Earth, Volcano's, Rocks, Mining, Gems and Minerals, and the Plate Tectonics. So I will use these notes and tell you about our earth.

The Inner Earth

The inner earth is layered. There are 5 layers. The inner core is the hottest. Its core is hotter then the surface of the sun. During earths first 100 million years, even larger particles in the solar system collided and stuck together making lots and lots of heat! Earths accreted, the melted completely, and layers began to form.

* molten iron sank and created the core.
* liquid rose and cooled, forming the mantle.
* Later partial melting of the mantle produced the crust.

Volcano's

All volcanoes share the same trait: They grow by ejecting lava or hot rock. There are three different types of things Magma, Lava, Tephra and what is what? Aren't they all the same? Well they are parctically all the same but they have different names for different times. Magma is molten rock below the ground. It has liquids, suspended crystals, and gases. Lava is magma that erupts non-explosively. Tephra is when magma erupts-large bombs, small cinders, pumice, and ash.

Volcanic eruptions are done by the same energy as the earths plates. Volcanoes are usually at places where heat can escape from the earth. Some volcanoes are large and some are small. Some volcanoes cones are steep others are gentle.

The size of the volcano depends on how long they live and how much magma comes out of the volcano. The shape of the volcano depends on how sticky or viscous the magma is. Viscous lava builds steep cones. And fluid lavas build gently sloping cones. The explosive of the volcano depends on how much gas the magma contains and how easily gas can escape.



Plate Tectonics

Under the earths crust the earth is reshaping itself very slowly this is what we call the plate tectonics. Those plates separate and collide making earthquakes, making volcanoes erupt, and making mountains form.




Rocks at earths surface



We use about three billion tons of crushed stone, sand and gravel every year. An average new house in the U.S. is with about 400 tons of sand, gravel, and crushed stone ( mostly limestone). Through history rocks have been the type of things we use to build cities. For example, Egypt's pyramids, Taj Mahal in India, and New York's Empire State building. Also water is the one that helps and makes rocks do there journey in the rock cycle.

Rocks below Earths surface

Like ice rocks melt too. Bit it is different because ice melts at thirty two Fahrenheit. But rocks melt at a hundred degrees. And that is because the minerals in rocks melt in different temperatures. Rocks can be pushed, pulled, squeezed, and sheared. Rocks can deform during earthquakes, mountains building, and other events caused by the tectonic plates.

The Unreachable Frontier

In 1990 the worlds deepest drill hole penetrated to a depth of 12.3 km. More than 99 percent of the distance to earths center still lays beneath the drill bit. To find out about the inside of our earth Geologists gather clues from meteorites, rocks, diamonds, earthquake waves, and earths magnetic field.

Chondrites are an an original dust of the solar system. These 97 elements makeup 97 percent of both chonfrites and earth. Earths crust and mantle are poor iron. We can learn about the inner earth from special rocks called peridotites which comes from the upper mantle. Most peridotites are olive green.


Mining

Dynamic Natural forces have rocks and minerals that make it easier to get with in human reach.


Gems and Minerals

Nearly 4,000 kinds of minerals that could be cut into a gemstone. Only about 15 different minerals are used for gem stones. Minerals are the very building block of the universe. Minerals makeup the earth. Some people have realize that heavily on minerals resources. You may use minerals more than you imagine.